Raisins are made by drying grapes in the sun. Although some of the sugar in the grapes is caramelized in the process, nothing is added. Moreover, the only thing removed from the grapes is the water that evaporates during the drying, and water contains no calories or nutrients. The fact that raisins contain more iron per food calorie than grapes do is thus puzzling.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why raisins contain more iron per calorie than do grapes?

In countries in which new life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, such drugs are sold at widely affordable prices; those same drugs, where patented, command premium prices because the patents shield patent-holding manufacturers from competitors. These facts show that future access to new life-sustaining drugs can be improved if the practice of granting patents on newly developed life-sustaining drugs were to be abolished everywhere.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

Agricultural societies cannot exist without staple crops. Several food plants, such as kola and okra, are known to have been domesticated in western Africa, but they are all supplemental, not staple, foods. All the recorded staple crops grown in western Africa were introduced from elsewhere, beginning, at some unknown date, with rice and yams. Therefore, discovering when rice and yams were introduced into western Africa would establish the earliest date at which agricultural societies could have arisen there.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

Positive integers a, b and c are all less than 10. If the sum of all the distinguishable three digit numbers that can be formed by juxtaposing these integers is 1998, is a = b?

(1) c = 4

(2) a = 3

What is the probability that andare reciprocal fractions?

(1) v, w, y, and z are each randomly chosen from the first 100 positive integers.

(2) The product (u)(x) is the median of 100 consecutive integers.

A certain developer offers both paid and free versions of a certain mobile tablet application on four different tablet models. For each of Models A–D, the graph shows the percent of tablets that have the paid version and the percent of devices that have the free version.

From each drop-down menu, select the option that creates the most accurate statement based on the information provided.

Among Models A–D, the model with the least difference between the percent of tablets that have the paid version of the application and the percent of tablets that have the free version was Model  .

Among Models A–D, the model with the greatest difference between the percent of tablets that have the paid version of the application and the percent of tablets that have the free version was Model  .­

The extent of a nation’s power over its coastal ecosystems and the natural resources in its coastal waters has been defined by two international law doctrines: freedom of the seas and adjacent state sovereignty. Until the mid-twentieth century, most nations favored application of broad open-seas freedoms and limited sovereign rights over coastal waters. A nation had the right to include within its territorial dominion only a very narrow band of coastal waters (generally extending three miles from the shoreline), within which it had the authority but not the responsibility, to regulate all activities. But, because this area of territorial dominion was so limited, most nations did not establish rules for management or protection of their territorial waters.

Regardless of whether or not nations enforced regulations in their territorial waters, large ocean areas remained free of controls or restrictions. The citizens of all nations had the right to use these unrestricted ocean areas for any innocent purpose, including navigation and fishing. Except for controls over its own citizens, no nation had the responsibility, let alone the unilateral authority, to control such activities in international waters. And, since there were few standards of conduct that applied on the “open seas”, there were few jurisdictional conflicts between nations.

The lack of standards is traceable to popular perceptions held before the middle of this century. By and large, marine pollution was not perceived as a significant problem, in part because the adverse effect of coastal activities on ocean ecosystems was not widely recognized, and pollution caused by human activities was generally believed to be limited to that caused by navigation. Moreover, the freedom to fish, or overfish, was an essential element of the traditional legal doctrine of freedom of the seas that no maritime (of, relating to, or bordering on the sea “a maritime province”) country wished to see limited. And finally, the technology that later allowed exploitation of other ocean resources, such as oil, did not yet exist.

To date, controlling pollution and regulating ocean resources have still not been comprehensively addressed by law, but international law—established through the customs and practices of nations—does not preclude such efforts. And two recent developments may actually lead to future international rules providing for ecosystem management. First, the establishment of extensive fishery zones extending territorial authority as far as 200 miles out from a country’s coast, has provided the opportunity for nations individually to manage larger ecosystems. This opportunity, combined with national self-interest in maintaining fish populations, could lead nations to reevaluate policies for management of their fisheries and to address the problem of pollution in territorial waters. Second, the international community is beginning to understand the importance of preserving the resources and ecology of international waters and to show signs of accepting responsibility for doing so. As an international consensus regarding the need for comprehensive management of ocean resources develops, it will become more likely that international standards and policies for broader regulation of human activities that affect ocean ecosystems will be adopted and implemented.

A certain developer offers both paid and free versions of a certain mobile tablet application on four different tablet models. For each of Models A-D, the graph shows the percent of tablets that have the paid version, the percent of tablets that have the free version, and the total number of tablets these percents are based on (indicated in parentheses).

From each drop-down menu, select the option that creates the most accurate statement based on the information provided.

There are more Model D tablets that have the paid application than each of Models  that have the paid application than Model D tablets that have the paid application, but there are more Model  tablets that have the paid application.

The violent crime rate (number of violent crimes per 1,000 residents) in Meadowbrook is 60 percent higher now than it was four years ago. The corresponding increase for Parkdale is only 10 percent. These figures support the conclusion that residents of Meadowbrook are more likely to become victims of violent crime than are residents of Parkdale.

The argument above is flawed because it fails to take into account

Shannon and Maxine work in the same building and leave work at the same time. Shannon lives due north of work and Maxine lives due south. The distance between Maxine's house and Shannon's house is 60 miles. If they both drive home at the rate 2R miles per hour, Maxine arrives home 40 minutes after Shannon. If Maxine rider her bike home at the rate of R per hour and Shannon still drives at a rate of 2R miles per hour, Shannon arrives home 2 hours before Maxine. How far does maxine live from work?