题目
Raisins are made by drying grapes in the sun. Although some of the sugar in the grapes is caramelized in the process, nothing is added. Moreover, the only thing removed from the grapes is the water that evaporates during the drying, and water contains no calories or nutrients. The fact that raisins contain more iron per food calorie than grapes do is thus puzzling.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why raisins contain more iron per calorie than do grapes?
选项
A.Since grapes are bigger than raisins, it takes several bunches of grapes to provide the same amount of iron as a handful of raisins does.
B.Caramelized sugar cannot be digested, so its calories do not count toward the food calorie content of raisins.
C.The body can absorb iron and other nutrients more quickly from grapes than from raisins because of the relatively high water content of grapes.
D.Raisins, but not grapes, are available year-round, so many people get a greater share of their yearly iron intake from raisins than from grapes.
E.Raisins are often eaten in combination with other iron-containing foods, while grapes are usually eaten by themselves.
解析
葡萄干是通过在阳光下晒干葡萄制成的。尽管制作过程中葡萄里的部分糖会被焦糖化,但**没有添加任何物质**;而且,从葡萄中去除的只有干燥时蒸发的水(水不含卡路里或营养)。因此,“葡萄干每食物卡路里的铁含量比葡萄高”这一事实令人困惑。
- **核心矛盾**:制作葡萄干仅去除“无卡路里/营养的水”,理论上铁的总量应与原葡萄(对应重量)的铁总量一致,但葡萄干的**每卡路里铁含量**却更高。需解释“铁总量未明显增加(仅去水),但每卡路里铁含量升高”的矛盾。
- **答案方向**:需找到一个原因,说明**葡萄干的卡路里总量相比原葡萄(对应铁量的葡萄)减少**(或铁总量相对卡路里的占比提升)。例如,若部分糖的卡路里“未被计入”葡萄干的总卡路里,会导致“卡路里分母变小”,进而使“每卡路里铁含量(铁总量/卡路里总量)”升高。
- **选项A**:葡萄体积比葡萄干大,需多串葡萄才能提供和一把葡萄干等量的铁。
分析:该选项讨论的是“铁的**总量**”(需多少葡萄/葡萄干才能获得等量铁),但题目问的是“**每卡路里**的铁含量”(铁总量与卡路里总量的比值)。“总量”与“每卡路里的占比”是不同概念,无法解释矛盾。排除。
- **选项B**:焦糖化的糖无法被消化,因此其卡路里**不计入**葡萄干的食物卡路里含量。
分析:假设原葡萄的卡路里包含“所有糖的热量”,但葡萄干因部分糖焦糖化(无法消化),这部分糖的卡路里被“扣除”,导致葡萄干的**卡路里总量减少**(分母变小)。而铁的总量因仅去水(水无铁)未变(分子不变),因此“每卡路里铁含量=铁总量/卡路里总量”会升高(分母变小,比值变大),完美解释了矛盾。正确。
- **选项C**:因葡萄含水量高,身体从葡萄中吸收铁的速度比从葡萄干中快。
分析:“吸收速度”与“每卡路里的铁含量”无关(含量是客观的数值,吸收速度是人体的消化效率)。排除。
- **选项D**:葡萄干全年供应,人们从葡萄干中获取的年度铁摄入量占比更高。
分析:该选项讨论的是“人们的铁摄入**来源**”(葡萄干更易获得),与“每卡路里的铁含量”(营养成分的比例)无关。排除。
- **选项E**:葡萄干常和其他含铁食物一起吃,葡萄通常单独吃。
分析:该选项讨论的是“食用搭配”,与“每卡路里的铁含量”无关(含量是食物本身的营养比例,与搭配食物无关)。排除。
综上,正确答案为\(\boldsymbol{B}\)。