题目

Between 1980 and 2000 the sea otter population of the Aleutian Islands declined precipitously. There were no signs of disease or malnutrition, so there was probably an increase in the number of otters being eaten by predators. Orcas will eat otters when seals, their normal prey, are unavailable, and the Aleutian Islands seal population declined dramatically in the 1980s. Therefore, orcas were most likely the immediate cause of the otter population decline.


Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument ?

选项

A.

The population of sea urchins, the main food of sea otters, has increased since the sea otter population declined.

B.

Seals do not eat sea otters, nor do they compete with sea otters for food.

C.

Most of the surviving sea otters live in a bay that is inaccessible to orcas.

D.

The population of orcas in the Aleutian Islands has declined since the 1980s.

E.

An increase in commercial fishing near the Aleutian Islands in the 1980s caused a slight decline in the population of the fish that seals use for food.

解析

在1980年到2000年之间,阿留申群岛的海獭数量急剧下降。没有疾病或营养不良的迹象,所以很可能是捕食海獭的掠食者数量增加了。当逆戟鲸(虎鲸)的常规猎物海豹数量不足时,逆戟鲸会捕食海獭,而20世纪80年代阿留申群岛的海豹数量急剧下降。因此,逆戟鲸很可能是海獭数量下降的直接原因。 - **核心论点**:论点为逆戟鲸是海獭数量急剧下降的直接原因;论据是海獭数量下降且无疾病或营养不良迹象,海豹数量在80年代大幅下降(导致逆戟鲸可能捕食海獭)。 - **正确答案方向**:能进一步表明逆戟鲸与海獭数量下降之间存在因果关系或者排除其他可能干扰因素的选项将加强该论证。 - **A选项**:海獭主要食物海胆的数量在海獭数量下降后增加。该选项讨论的是海獭数量下降后的结果(海胆数量变化),而非海獭数量下降的原因,与论点逆戟鲸导致海獭数量下降无关,无法加强,排除。 - **B选项**:海豹既不吃海獭,也不与海獭竞争食物。此选项只是在说明海豹与海獭的关系,没有涉及逆戟鲸以及海獭数量下降的原因,不能加强论点,排除。 - **C选项**:大多数幸存的海獭生活在逆戟鲸无法进入的海湾。这表明在逆戟鲸难以到达的地方海獭能够幸存下来,从侧面说明逆戟鲸确实对海獭有捕食威胁,从而加强了逆戟鲸是导致海獭数量下降的直接原因这一论点,当选。 - **D选项**:自20世纪80年代以来,阿留申群岛的逆戟鲸数量下降。逆戟鲸数量下降与海獭数量下降之间的因果关系不明确,无法确定逆戟鲸数量下降对海獭数量的影响,不能加强,排除。 - **E选项**:20世纪80年代阿留申群岛附近商业捕鱼导致海豹食物的鱼类数量略有下降。这只能说明海豹食物的情况,不能直接体现与海獭数量下降以及逆戟鲸之间的关系,无法加强,排除。 综上所述,正确答案是C选项。
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