题目
People who have spent a lot of time in contact with animals often develop animal-induced allergies, a significant percentage of which are quite serious. In a survey of current employees in major zoos, about 30 percent had animal-induced allergies. However, a zoo employee who develops a serious animal-induced allergy is very likely to switch to some other occupation.
Which of the following hypotheses receives the strongest support from the information given?
选项
A.The incidence of serious animal-induced allergies among current zoo employees is lower than that among the general population.
B.Zoo employees tend to develop animal-induced allergies that are more serious than those of other people who spend equally large amounts of time with animals.
C.Exposure to domestic pets is, on the whole, less likely to cause animal-induced allergy than is exposure to the kinds of animals that are kept in zoos.
D.There is no occupation for which the risk of developing an animal-induced allergy is higher than 30 percent.
E.Among members of the general population who have spent as much time with animals as zoo employees typically have, the percentage with animal-induced allergies is significantly more than 30 percent.
解析
那些长时间与动物接触的人经常会患上由动物引发的过敏症,其中相当大比例的过敏症是相当严重的。在对主要动物园的现任员工的一项调查中,大约30%的人有动物引发的过敏症。然而,一名患上严重动物引发过敏症的动物园员工很可能会转行从事其他职业。
- **论据**:对主要动物园现任员工调查显示约30%有动物引发的过敏症,且患严重动物过敏症的动物园员工可能转行。
- **论点隐含逻辑**:因为患严重过敏症的员工会转行离开动物园行业,所以导致动物园现任员工中患过敏症(尤其是严重过敏症)的比例相对实际情况有所降低(因为那些严重过敏的人已经不在这个群体统计范围内了)。
- **正确答案方向**: 应该是能够基于上述论据和隐含逻辑进行合理推断和支持的选项,比如能说明动物园现有员工的过敏比例低于同等接触动物程度的其他人群等。
- **A选项**:该选项说的是现任动物园员工中严重动物过敏症的发病率低于普通人群,但没有提及普通人群与动物园员工在接触动物时间等方面的可比性,无法有力支持论点。因为不知道普通人群接触动物的情况,如果普通人群基本不接触动物,那这个比较就没意义,所以该选项不准确。
- **B选项**:比较动物园员工和其他同等接触动物时间人群过敏症的严重程度,而题干重点是关于动物园员工过敏比例以及因严重过敏而转行带来的影响等,该选项偏离了核心论点。
- **C选项**:比较接触家养宠物和动物园动物导致过敏的可能性,与题干主要讨论的动物园员工过敏情况以及因严重过敏转行导致的相关影响无关。
- **D选项**:讨论的是没有哪种职业患动物过敏症的风险高于30%,这与题干通过动物园员工因严重过敏转行进而推断相关过敏比例等核心逻辑毫无关联。
- **E选项**:指出在普通人群中那些与动物园员工通常接触动物时间一样长的人里,患动物过敏症的比例明显超过30%,这正好符合因为动物园中严重过敏的员工转行导致动物园现有员工过敏比例(30%)相对较低的推断,有力地支持了题干中基于现有论据所隐含的逻辑关系。