题目
Macrophages are cells that play a role in the response of the immune system of mice and other mammals to invasive organisms such as bacteria. Unlike other mice, mice that are genetically incapable of making these particular cells do not show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria.
The statements above, if true, provide the most support for which of the following conclusions?
选项
A.Mice that are unable either to make macrophages or to make them in sufficient numbers will protect themselves from bacterial infections in some other way.
B.Mice that show elevated levels of nitrates can easily fight off most types of bacterial infections.
C.In mice, macrophages play a role in the production of nitrates orinhibit a process by which nitrates are broken down or otherwise eliminated.
D.When a healthy mouse becomes infected with an invasive organism, the number of macrophages in the mouse’s body decreases.
E.Injections of nitrates into mice that lack macrophages will not enhance the ability of these animals’ immune systems to fight off infection.
解析
巨噬细胞是在小鼠和其他哺乳动物的免疫系统对诸如细菌等侵入性生物体的反应中起作用的细胞。与其他小鼠不同,在基因上不能产生这些特定细胞的小鼠在受到细菌感染时不会显示出硝酸盐水平升高。
- **核心论点**:存在两种小鼠,正常小鼠和不能产生巨噬细胞的小鼠,二者在受到细菌感染时,在硝酸盐水平上呈现出不同表现(正常小鼠硝酸盐水平升高,不能产生巨噬细胞的小鼠硝酸盐水平不升高),由此探讨巨噬细胞与硝酸盐之间的关联。
- **正确答案方向**:答案应建立起巨噬细胞和硝酸盐之间的某种因果联系或者相关联系,能够合理地解释为何不能产生巨噬细胞的小鼠在感染细菌时没有硝酸盐水平升高这一现象。
- **A选项**:该选项说不能产生巨噬细胞或者数量不足的小鼠会用其他方式保护自己免受细菌感染,重点在于讨论小鼠免受感染的方式,而非巨噬细胞与硝酸盐的关系,与题干核心论点不相关,排除。
- **B选项**:选项论述的是硝酸盐水平高的小鼠能轻易抵御大多数细菌感染,没有涉及巨噬细胞与硝酸盐的关联,偏离题干核心,排除。
- **C选项**:指出在小鼠中,巨噬细胞在硝酸盐的产生中起作用或者抑制硝酸盐被分解或消除的过程,很好地解释了为什么不能产生巨噬细胞的小鼠在感染细菌时不会出现硝酸盐水平升高的情况,建立了巨噬细胞和硝酸盐之间的联系,符合正确答案方向,当选。
- **D选项**:说的是健康小鼠感染后巨噬细胞数量的变化,没有涉及到硝酸盐,与题干核心讨论的巨噬细胞和硝酸盐的关系不符,排除。
- **E选项**:讨论向缺乏巨噬细胞的小鼠注射硝酸盐对其免疫系统抵御感染能力的影响,没有揭示巨噬细胞和硝酸盐之间的内在联系,排除。
综上所述,正确答案是C。