题目
In 1960’s studies of rats, scientists found that crowding increases the number of attacks among the animals significantly. But in recent experiments in which Rhesus monkeys were placed in crowded conditions, although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior – such as submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals – attacks did not become any more frequent. Therefore it is not likely that, for any species of monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
选项
A.All the observed forms of coping behavior can be found among rhesus monkeys living in uncrowded conditions.
B.In the studies of rats, nondominant individuals were found to increasingly avoid dominant individuals when the animals were in crowded conditions.
C.Rhesus monkeys respond with aggression to a wider range of stimuli than any other monkeys do.
D.Some individual monkeys in the experiment were involved in significantly more attacks than the other monkeys were.
E.Some of the coping behavior displayed by rhesus monkeys is similar to behavior rhesus monkeys use to bring to an end an attack that has begun.
解析
在20世纪60年代对老鼠的研究中,科学家们发现拥挤会显著增加动物间的攻击次数。但在最近将恒河猴置于拥挤环境的实验中,尽管“应对”行为(例如顺从姿态和避开优势个体)的情况有所增加,但攻击并没有变得更频繁。因此,对于任何种类的猴子来说,拥挤不太可能像在老鼠中看到的那样显著增加攻击性。
- **论据**:对老鼠的研究表明拥挤会显著增加攻击次数,而对恒河猴的实验显示拥挤时其攻击频率未增加且“应对”行为增加。
- **论点**:对于任何种类的猴子,拥挤不太可能像在老鼠中那样显著增加攻击性。
- **正确答案方向**:能进一步说明猴子与老鼠在面对拥挤环境时在攻击性方面确实存在本质差异,或者能为恒河猴在拥挤环境中攻击性不增加这一现象提供更多支持性证据的选项。
- **A选项**:该选项说在不拥挤的环境中也能发现所有这些应对行为,这与拥挤环境是否会像对老鼠那样增加猴子的攻击性并无直接关联,不能加强论点。
- **B选项**:选项中提到老鼠在拥挤时非优势个体避开优势个体的情况,而这是关于老鼠的信息,与猴子在拥挤环境中的攻击性问题无关,无法加强。
- **C选项**:恒河猴对更广泛的刺激会做出攻击性反应,然而在拥挤环境下它的攻击频率却没有增加,这就更能说明对于猴子(这里以恒河猴为例)来说,拥挤确实不像对老鼠那样会显著增加攻击性,从侧面加强了论点。
- **D选项**:只是说有些猴子比其他猴子参与更多攻击,但没有涉及拥挤环境对猴子攻击性的影响,与论点无关。
- **E选项**:恒河猴应对行为与结束已开始攻击行为的相似性,没有涉及到拥挤与猴子攻击性之间的关系,不能加强论点。
综上,正确答案是C。