题目

The higher the level of certain vitamins and minerals in the bloodstream, the better a person's lung function, as measured by the amount of air the person can expel in one second. The lung function of smokers is significantly worse, on average, than that of nonsmokers. Clearly, therefore, one way for smokers to improve their lung function is for them to increase their intake of foods that are rich in these helpful vitamins and minerals.

Which of the following is an assumption on which this argument depends?

选项

A.

Smokers are less likely than nonsmokers to have diets that are rich in vitamins and minerals.


B.

The lung function of smokers whose diets are rich in those vitamins and minerals is generally better than that of nonsmokers with comparable diets.

C.

People whose diets are deficient in those vitamins and minerals do not typically have other health problems in addition to diminished lung function.

D.

Stopping smoking will not typically improve lung function more than any diet changes can.

E.

Smoking does not introduce into the body chemicals that prevent the helpful vitamins and minerals from entering the bloodstream.

解析

血液中某些维生素和矿物质的含量越高,一个人的肺功能就越好(通过一个人一秒内可呼出的空气量来衡量)。平均而言,吸烟者的肺功能明显比不吸烟者差。因此,很明显,吸烟者改善肺功能的一种方法就是增加富含这些有益维生素和矿物质食物的摄入量。 - **论点**:吸烟者通过增加富含有益维生素和矿物质食物的摄入可改善肺功能。 - **论据**:血液中这些维生素和矿物质含量越高肺功能越好,且吸烟者肺功能平均比不吸烟者差。 - **正确答案方向**:正确答案应该是能在“增加富含维生素和矿物质食物摄入”与“肺功能改善”之间建立起必要联系的选项,即排除其他可能干扰这一因果关系成立的因素。 - **A选项**:吸烟者比不吸烟者更不可能有富含维生素和矿物质的饮食。该选项只是比较了吸烟者和不吸烟者饮食的差异,没有涉及增加这些营养物质摄入能否真正改善吸烟者肺功能这一关键联系,与论点成立的假设无关,排除。 - **B选项*:那些饮食富含这些维生素和矿物质的吸烟者的肺功能通常比有类似饮食的不吸烟者好。即使该选项不成立,即饮食富含营养的吸烟者肺功能不比类似饮食的不吸烟者好,也不能否定吸烟者通过增加这些营养物质摄入可以改善自身肺功能这一论点,所以不是必要假设,排除。 - **C选项**:饮食中缺乏这些维生素和矿物质的人除了肺功能减弱外通常没有其他健康问题。其他健康问题与吸烟者能否通过增加特定营养物质摄入改善肺功能这一话题毫无关联,排除。 - **D选项**:戒烟在改善肺功能方面通常不会比任何饮食改变更有效。比较戒烟和饮食改变对肺功能的影响并非论点所关注的核心,论点重点在于增加特定营养物质摄入对吸烟者肺功能的改善,排除。 - **E选项**:吸烟不会向体内引入阻止有益维生素和矿物质进入血液的化学物质。如果吸烟会引入阻止这些有益物质进入血液的化学物质,那么即使吸烟者增加富含这些物质食物的摄入,也无法提高血液中相应物质的含量从而改善肺功能,所以该选项是论点成立的必要假设,正确。
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