题目
The probability of event X occurring is the same as the probability of event Y occurring. The events occur independently of each other.
Quantity A
The probability that both events occur
Quantity B
The probability that neither event occurs.
选项
C.The two quantities are equal.
D.The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
解析
已知:事件X发生的概率与事件Y发生的概率相同。两事件相互独立。
设P(X发生) = p
则我们也可以得出:P(Y发生) = p
**常用性质**:P(事件A发生) = 1 - P(事件A不发生)
因此,P(X不发生) = 1 - p
P(Y不发生) = 1 - p
若事件A、B相互独立,且P(A)=a、P(B)=b,则两事件同时发生的概率为:
P(A且B) = a×b
所以,P(X且Y发生) = p×p = p²
同理,P(X且Y都不发生) = (1-p)(1-p) = (1-p)² = 1 - 2p + p²
由此我们得出:
A项:p²
B项:1 - 2p + p²
给两式同时减去p²:
A项:0
B项:1 - 2p
给两式同时加上2p:
A项:2p
B项:1
给两式同时除以2:
A项:p
B项:0.5
由于p的值可能小于0.5、等于0.5或大于0.5,因此正确答案是D。