题目

Meteorologists say that if only they could design an accurate mathematical model of the atmosphere with all its complexities, they could forecast the weather with real precision. But this is an idle boast, immune to any evaluation, for any inadequate weather forecast would obviously be blamed on imperfections in the model.


Which of the following, if true, could best be used as a basis for arguing against the author's position that the meteorologists' claim cannot be evaluated?

选项

A.

Certain unusual configurations of data can serve as the basis for precise weather forecasts even though the exact causal mechanisms are not understood.

B.

Most significant gains in the accuracy of the relevant mathematical models are accompanied by clear gains in the precision of weather forecasts.

C.

Mathematical models of the meteorological aftermath of such catastrophic events as volcanic eruptions are beginning to be constructed.

D.

Modern weather forecasts for as much as a full day ahead are broadly correct about 80 percent of the time.

E.

Meteorologists readily concede that the accurate mathematical model they are talking about is not now in their power to construct.

解析

气象学家称,只要他们能设计出一个包含所有复杂性的精确大气数学模型,就能精准预报天气。但这是个无意义的吹嘘,无法评估,因为任何不充分的天气预报显然都会被归咎于模型的缺陷。 以下哪项如果为真,最能作为反驳作者“气象学家的主张无法评估”这一观点的依据? - **作者论点**:气象学家“有精确模型就能精准预报”的主张无法评估,因为不佳的预报会被归咎于模型缺陷,无有效检验方式。 - **正确答案方向**:需证明该主张**可评估**,即存在**模型与预报精度的可验证关联**(通过观察模型变化与预报精度的关系,判断主张是否成立)。 - **A选项**:讨论“数据配置与预报的关系”(因果机制不明),未涉及“模型与预报精度的可评估关联”,无法反驳作者观点,排除。 - **B选项**:模型准确性提升(模型变好)伴随预报精度提升(预报变好),说明**模型与预报精度存在正相关**。这提供了评估方式:若模型改进后预报精度提升,支持气象学家的主张;若模型改进后预报精度未提升,则反驳其主张。因此,该选项证明了主张可评估,反驳了作者“无法评估”的观点,正确。 - **C选项**:仅提及“灾难性事件的气象模型开始构建”,未涉及模型与预报精度的关联,也未说明如何评估气象学家的主张,排除。 - **D选项**:仅描述“当前预报的准确率”,未涉及“模型与预报精度的关系”,无法评估“有精确模型就能精准预报”的主张(即使当前预报有准确率,也无法验证“模型精准→预报精准”的逻辑),排除。 - **E选项**:气象学家承认“现在无法构建精确模型”,但未涉及“如何评估该主张”(即“有模型就能精准预报”是否成立),排除。 答案:B
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