题目
The Venetian Renaissance painter Vittore Carpaccio used sumptuous reds in most of his paintings. Since the recently discovered Venetian Renaissance painting Erato Declaiming contains notable sumptuous reds, it is probably by Carpaccio.
Which one of the following contains a pattern of flawed reasoning most similar to that in the argument above?
选项
A.Most Renaissance painters worked in a single medium, either tempera or oil paint. Since the Renaissance painting Calypso’s Bower is in oil, its painter probably always used oil paint.
B.In Italian Renaissance painting, the single most common subject was the Virgin and child, so the single most common subject in Western art is probably also the Virgin and child.
C.Works of art in the Renaissance were mostly commissioned by patrons, so the Renaissance work The Dances of Terpsichore was probably commissioned by a patron.
D.The anonymous painting St. Sebastian is probably an early Florentine painting since it is in tempera, and most early Florentine paintings were in tempera.
E.Since late-Renaissance paintings were mostly in oil, the Venetian late- Renaissance painter Arnoldi, whose works are now lost, probably used oil paint.
解析
### 1、题目翻译
威尼斯文艺复兴时期的画家维托雷·卡尔帕乔(Vittore Carpaccio)在其大部分画作中使用了华丽的红色。由于最近发现的威尼斯文艺复兴时期画作《Erato Declaiming》包含显著的华丽红色,它很可能是卡尔帕乔的作品。
### 2、核心论点与正确答案方向
- **核心论点**:《Erato Declaiming》很可能是卡尔帕乔的作品。
- **论据与推理错误**:
论据:卡尔帕乔的画(记为A)→ 用华丽红色(记为B)(即“如果是卡尔帕乔的画,就会用华丽红色”);《Erato Declaiming》用了华丽红色(B)。
推理错误:**肯定后件谬误**——从“若A则B”和“B成立”,直接推出“A成立”(忽略了“其他画家也可能用华丽红色”的可能性)。
- **正确答案方向**:需包含“若A(某类事物)则B(某特征),某事物有B,因此该事物是A”的推理结构(即“肯定后件”的错误推理)。
### 3、选项分析
- **选项A**:
大部分文艺复兴画家使用单一媒介(蛋彩或油画)。由于《Calypso’s Bower》是油画,其画家可能总用油画。
分析:推理逻辑是“从画作的媒介(油画)推出画家的习惯(总用油画)”,与题干“从特征推出创作者”的结构不同,且逻辑错误类型不符,排除。
- **选项B**:
意大利文艺复兴绘画最常见主题是圣母与圣子,因此西方艺术最常见主题可能也是圣母与圣子。
分析:从“意大利文艺复兴”(局部)推广到“西方艺术”(整体),属于**以偏概全**,与题干“肯定后件”的错误类型不同,排除。
- **选项C**:
文艺复兴艺术品多由赞助人委托,因此《The Dances of Terpsichore》可能由赞助人委托。
分析:推理逻辑是“文艺复兴作品(A)→ 赞助人委托(B),《The Dances of Terpsichore》是文艺复兴作品(A)→ 委托(B)”,属于**肯定前件**(A→B,A成立则B成立),是合理推理,排除。
- **选项D**:
匿名画作《St. Sebastian》可能是早期佛罗伦萨画,因为它是蛋彩画,且大部分早期佛罗伦萨画是蛋彩画。
分析:推理结构为“早期佛罗伦萨画(A)→ 蛋彩画(B),《St. Sebastian》是蛋彩画(B)→ 是早期佛罗伦萨画(A)”,与题干一致,属于**肯定后件谬误**,正确。
- **选项E**:
晚期文艺复兴画作多为油画,因此威尼斯晚期文艺复兴画家Arnoldi(作品遗失)可能用油画。
分析:推理逻辑是“晚期文艺复兴画家(A)→ 用油画(B),Arnoldi是晚期文艺复兴画家(A)→ 用油画(B)”,属于**肯定前件**,是合理推理,排除。
综上,正确答案为D。