题目
Working simultaneously and independently at an identical constant rate, 4 machines of a certain type can produce a total of x units of product P in 6 days. How many of these machines, working simultaneously and independently at this constant rate, can produce a total of 3x units of product P in 4 days?
解析
### 方法一:效率推导法
4台机器的效率为:\( \text{效率} = \frac{\text{工作量}}{\text{时间}} = \frac{x}{6} \)(单位/天),
因此1台机器的效率为:\( \frac{1}{4}×\frac{x}{6} = \frac{x}{24} \)(单位/天)。
根据“时间×总效率=工作量”,设需要\( m \)台机器,可得:
\( 4×(m×\frac{x}{24}) = 3x \),
化简得:\( \frac{mx}{6} = 3x \),
解得:\( m = 18 \)。
### 方法二:比例法
工作量变为原来的3倍,时间变为原来的\( \frac{4}{6} = \frac{2}{3} \)(即时间减少为原来的1.5倍),
因此所需机器数为原来的\( 3×1.5 = 4.5 \)倍,
即\( 4×4.5 = 18 \)。
答案:B