题目

Working simultaneously and independently at an identical constant rate, 4 machines of a certain type can produce a total of x units of product P in 6 days. How many of these machines, working simultaneously and independently at this constant rate, can produce a total of 3x units of product P in 4 days?

选项

A.

24

B.

18

C.

16

D.

12

E.

8

解析

### 方法一:效率推导法 4台机器的效率为:\( \text{效率} = \frac{\text{工作量}}{\text{时间}} = \frac{x}{6} \)(单位/天), 因此1台机器的效率为:\( \frac{1}{4}×\frac{x}{6} = \frac{x}{24} \)(单位/天)。 根据“时间×总效率=工作量”,设需要\( m \)台机器,可得: \( 4×(m×\frac{x}{24}) = 3x \), 化简得:\( \frac{mx}{6} = 3x \), 解得:\( m = 18 \)。 ### 方法二:比例法 工作量变为原来的3倍,时间变为原来的\( \frac{4}{6} = \frac{2}{3} \)(即时间减少为原来的1.5倍), 因此所需机器数为原来的\( 3×1.5 = 4.5 \)倍, 即\( 4×4.5 = 18 \)。 答案:B
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