题目
What is the units digit of x² - y² ?
(1) x - y is a positive multiple of 3
(2) x + y is a positive multiple of 10
选项
A.Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B.Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C.BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D.EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E.Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
解析
- **题干**:\(x^2 - y^2\)的个位数是多少?
- **条件(1)**:\(x - y\)是\(3\)的正倍数。
- **条件(2)**:\(x + y\)是\(10\)的正倍数。
- 首先对\(x^{2}-y^{2}\)进行因式分解可得\((x + y)(x - y)\)。
- **单独看条件(1)**:
- 已知\(x - y\)是\(3\)的正倍数,设\(x-y = 3k\)(\(k\)为正整数),但仅由此我们无法确定\((x + y)(x - y)\)的个位数,因为不知道\(x + y\)的情况,所以条件(1)单独不充分。
- **单独看条件(2)**:
- 已知\(x + y\)是\(10\)的正倍数,设\(x + y=10m\)(\(m\)为正整数),\(x\)和\(y\)在题目和条件中没有限制是整数,所以 可以是分数,使得它们的和是 10 的正倍数。仅由此我们不知道\(x - y\)的情况,所以条件(2)单独不充分。
- **综合两个条件**:
- 因为\(x^{2}-y^{2}=(x + y)(x - y)\),条件(1)中\(x - y = 3k\),条件(2)中\(x + y = 10m\),那么\(x^{2}-y^{2}=(x + y)(x - y)=3k\times10m = 30km\),其个位数一定是\(0\)。所以两个条件联合起来充分。
综上,答案是\(C\)。