题目

Ordinary automobile engines can be converted to run on ethanol, which can be produced from corn and other grains. In the United States, ethanol is currently much more expensive than gasoline, and there is no prospect that the price of ethanol will decrease. Perhaps, though, as petroleum reserves continue to dwindle, the price advantage of gasoline will diminish and eventually disappear, and ethanol will displace gasoline as the primary automobile fuel. However, few people in the United States could afford to use their automobiles as they do now if gasoline were as expensive as ethanol. So, if ethanol does replace gasoline, a major change in transportation habits would be bound to occur in the United States.


In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

选项

A.

The first is a judgment that is used to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that conclusion.

B.

The first is a judgment that is used to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides further support for that conclusion.

C.

The first is a judgment that was used to support a position against which the argument is directed; the second states the main conclusion of the argument.

D.

The first is a judgment that was used to support a position against which the argument is directed; the second is a judgment that is used to    support the main conclusion of the argument.

E.

The first states a position against which the argument is directed; the second states the main conclusion of the argument.

解析

普通汽车发动机可改装为使用乙醇(乙醇可由玉米及其他谷物生产)。在美国,目前乙醇比汽油贵很多,**且乙醇的价格没有下降的前景**。不过,随着石油储量持续减少,汽油的价格优势会减弱并最终消失,乙醇会取代汽油成为主要的汽车燃料。然而,如果汽油和乙醇价格相同,美国很少有人能像现在这样使用汽车。因此,**如果乙醇真的取代了汽油,美国的交通习惯肯定会发生重大变化**。 - **核心论点(主结论)**:第二个加粗句“如果乙醇取代汽油,美国的交通习惯会发生重大变化”。 - **第一个加粗句的作用**:“乙醇价格无下降前景”是一个**判断(judgment)**,它通过“乙醇价格长期居高不下”的逻辑,结合“汽油因石油储量减少涨价至与乙醇同价”的背景,说明“汽油与乙醇同价时,人们用车成本剧增、用不起”,进而**支持主结论**(交通习惯会变)。 - **选项A**:第一个是用于支持主结论的判断;第二个陈述该结论。 第一个加粗通过“乙醇价格无降”的判断,说明“汽油涨价至与乙醇同价时,人们用车成本高、用不起”,进而支持“交通习惯会变”的结论;第二个加粗直接陈述主结论。逻辑一致,正确。 - **选项B**:第一个是用于支持主结论的判断;第二个“提供进一步支持”。 第二个加粗是**主结论**(“交通习惯会变”),而非“支持结论的论据”(如“人们用不起车”才是支持结论的论据)。因此“第二个提供进一步支持”错误,排除。 - **选项C**:第一个“支持被论证反对的立场”;第二个陈述主结论。 “被论证反对的立场”(若有)应为“乙醇取代汽油后,人们用车习惯不变”。但第一个加粗通过“乙醇价格无降”说明“汽油涨价后人们用不起车”,实际**支持主结论(习惯会变)**,而非支持该反对立场。因此“支持被反对的立场”错误,排除。 - **选项D**:第一个“支持被反对的立场”(理由同C,错误);第二个“是支持主结论的判断”。 第二个加粗是**主结论**,而非“支持结论的判断”(如“人们用不起车”才是支持结论的判断)。因此第二个的描述错误,排除。 - **选项E**:第一个“陈述被论证反对的立场”。 第一个加粗是“乙醇价格无降”的判断,未“陈述被反对的立场(如‘习惯不变’)”,且实际支持主结论(习惯会变),因此描述错误,排除。 综上,正确答案为A。
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