题目
Last month 15 homes were sold in Town X. The average (arithmetic mean) sale price of the homes was $150,000 and the median sale price was $130,000. Which of the following statements must be true?
I. At least one of the homes was sold for more than $165,000.
II. At least one of the homes was sold for more than $130,0000 and less than $150,000
III. At least one of the homes was sold for less than $130,000.
解析
上个月在X镇有15套房子被售出。这些房子的平均(算术平均)销售价格是150,000美元,中位数销售价格是130,000美元。以下哪项陈述一定是正确的?
I. 至少有一套房子的售价超过165,000美元。
II. 至少有一套房子的售价超过130,000美元且低于150,000美元。
III. 至少有一套房子的售价低于130,000美元。
- **分析中位数和平均数的关系**
- 已知一共有\(15\)套房子,中位数是按顺序排列后的第\(8\)套房子的价格,为\(130,000\)美元。
- 设前\(7\)套房子价格都为\(130,000\)美元,后\(7\)套房子价格都为\(x\)美元。根据平均数公式可得\(\frac{7\times130000 + 7x+130000}{15}=150000\)(其中中间那套房子价格为\(130000\)),解得\(x\approx172727\)美元。
- 也就是说,为了达到平均价格\(150000\)美元,在极端情况下(前面\(7\)套和中间一套都取中位数价格\(130000\)美元),后面至少有一套房子价格要超过\(165000\)美元,所以陈述I一定正确。
- **对陈述II和III的分析**
- 可以构造反例来证明陈述II和III不一定正确。
- 比如这\(15\)套房子价格分别为\(7\)套\(130000\)美元,\(1\)套\(130000\)美元(中位数),\(7\)套\(172727\)美元左右,这样就不存在售价在\(130000\)美元到\(150000\)美元之间的房子,所以陈述II不一定正确;也不存在售价低于\(130000\)美元的房子,所以陈述III不一定正确。
综上所述,正确答案是A。