题目
The people in a line waiting to buy tickets to a show are standing one behind the other. Adam and Beth are among the people in the line, and Beth is standing behind Adam with a number of people between them. If the number of people in front of Adam plus the number of people behind Beth is 18, how many people in the line are behind Beth?
(1) There are a total of 32 people in the line.
(2) 23 people in the line are behind Adam.
选项
A.Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B.Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C.BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D.EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E.Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
解析
在一个排队买票看演出的队伍中,人们一个接一个地站着。亚当(Adam)和贝丝(Beth)都在队伍中,贝丝站在亚当后面,他们之间有若干人。如果亚当前面的人数加上贝丝后面的人数是18,那么贝丝后面有多少人?
- **条件(1)**:队伍中总共有32人。
- 设亚当前面有\(x\)人,亚当和贝丝之间有\(y\)人,贝丝后面有\(z\)人。
- 已知\(x + z=18\),又知总人数\(x+y + z+2 = 32\)(这里加\(2\)是因为要算上亚当和贝丝两人),即\(x+y+z = 30\)。
- 虽然有两个方程,但有三个未知数\(x,y,z\),所以无法单独确定\(z\)的值,条件(1)不充分。
- **条件(2)**:队伍中有23人在亚当后面。
- 即\(y+z+1 = 23\)(这里加\(1\)是因为要算上贝丝),又已知\(x + z=18\),同样有三个未知数\(x,y,z\),无法单独确定\(z\)的值,条件(2)不充分。
### 综合分析
- 当把条件(1)和条件(2)结合起来时:
- 条件(1)可得\(x+y + z=30\) ,条件(2)可得\(y+z = 22\),由此可算出\(x = 8\),再代入\(x+z = 18\),可算出\(z = 10\),所以两个条件结合起来可以求出贝丝后面的人数,是充分的。
综上,答案是C。