题目

When a certain drug was administered to a group of patients, some patients showed improvement and some patients experienced side effects. If at least 10 patients experienced side effects and 60 percent of the patients who showed improvements also experienced side effects, did more patients in the group show improvement than experience side effects?


(1) 90 percent of the patients in the group showed improvement.


(2) 90 percent of the patients in the group who experienced side effects also showed improvement.

选项

A.

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.


B.

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.


C.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.


D.

EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.


E.

Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

解析

- \(I\):病情改善的患者总数 - \(S\):出现副作用的患者总数(\(S \ge 10\)) - \(B\):既改善又出现副作用的患者数 - \(T\):患者总人数 - 题干固定条件:\(B = 0.6I\)(改善的患者中60%也有副作用) - 问题:判断 \(I > S\) 是否成立 #### 🔹 条件 (1):90% 的患者病情得到改善(\(I = 0.9T\)) 1. 由题干得重叠区域: \[ B = 0.6I = 0.6 \times 0.9T = 0.54T \] 2. 仅病情改善的患者数: \[ I - B = 0.9T - 0.54T = 0.36T \] 3. 总人数中,**仅出现副作用的患者最多占比**为 \(T - I = 0.1T\)(因为剩下10%的人不可能再属于改善组) 4. 因此副作用总人数上限: \[ S_{\text{max}} = B + (T - I) = 0.54T + 0.1T = 0.64T \] 5. 比较:\(I = 0.9T > 0.64T \ge S\) → 必然满足 \(I > S\),**条件(1)单独充分** #### 🔹 条件 (2):90% 出现副作用的患者也病情改善(\(B = 0.9S\)) 1. 题干给出 \(B = 0.6I\),条件(2)给出 \(B = 0.9S\),联立等式: \[ 0.6I = 0.9S \] 2. 化简比例: \[ \frac{I}{S} = \frac{0.9}{0.6} = \frac{3}{2} = 1.5 \] 3. 直接得到 \(I = 1.5S\),显然 \(I > S\) → 必然满足 \(I > S\),**条件(2)单独充分**
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