题目

If S=which of the following is true?

选项

A.

S > 3


B.

S = 3


C.

2 < S < 3


D.

S = 2


E.

S < 2

解析

要判断\( S \)的范围,需通过**放缩法**(不等式)估计级数和的上界: 对于\( n \geq 2 \),利用不等式放缩: \[ \frac{1}{n^2} < \frac{1}{n(n-1)} \] (因\( n^2 > n(n-1) \),故倒数后不等号反向) 而\( \frac{1}{n(n-1)} \)可裂项为: \[ \frac{1}{n(n-1)} = \frac{1}{n-1} - \frac{1}{n} \] \( S \)的结构为: \[ S = 1 + \left( \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{3^2} + \dots + \frac{1}{10^2} \right) \] 对括号内的项(\( n=2 \)到\( n=10 \))应用放缩: \[ \begin{align*} \frac{1}{2^2} &< \frac{1}{1 \times 2} = 1 - \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{3^2} &< \frac{1}{2 \times 3} = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} \\ &\vdots \\ \frac{1}{10^2} &< \frac{1}{9 \times 10} = \frac{1}{9} - \frac{1}{10} \\ \end{align*} \] 将这些不等式相加,右侧为**裂项相消和**: \[ \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2} \right) + \left( \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} \right) + \dots + \left( \frac{1}{9} - \frac{1}{10} \right) \] 中间项抵消后,剩余: \[ 1 - \frac{1}{10} = \frac{9}{10} = 0.9 \] 代入\( S \)的表达式: \[ S = 1 + \left( \frac{1}{2^2} + \dots + \frac{1}{10^2} \right) < 1 + 0.9 = 1.9 < 2 \]
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