题目
If S=which of the following is true?
解析
要判断\( S \)的范围,需通过**放缩法**(不等式)估计级数和的上界:
对于\( n \geq 2 \),利用不等式放缩:
\[ \frac{1}{n^2} < \frac{1}{n(n-1)} \]
(因\( n^2 > n(n-1) \),故倒数后不等号反向)
而\( \frac{1}{n(n-1)} \)可裂项为:
\[ \frac{1}{n(n-1)} = \frac{1}{n-1} - \frac{1}{n} \]
\( S \)的结构为:
\[ S = 1 + \left( \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{3^2} + \dots + \frac{1}{10^2} \right) \]
对括号内的项(\( n=2 \)到\( n=10 \))应用放缩:
\[ \begin{align*}
\frac{1}{2^2} &< \frac{1}{1 \times 2} = 1 - \frac{1}{2} \\
\frac{1}{3^2} &< \frac{1}{2 \times 3} = \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} \\
&\vdots \\
\frac{1}{10^2} &< \frac{1}{9 \times 10} = \frac{1}{9} - \frac{1}{10} \\
\end{align*} \]
将这些不等式相加,右侧为**裂项相消和**:
\[ \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2} \right) + \left( \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} \right) + \dots + \left( \frac{1}{9} - \frac{1}{10} \right) \]
中间项抵消后,剩余:
\[ 1 - \frac{1}{10} = \frac{9}{10} = 0.9 \]
代入\( S \)的表达式:
\[ S = 1 + \left( \frac{1}{2^2} + \dots + \frac{1}{10^2} \right) < 1 + 0.9 = 1.9 < 2 \]