题目

If S is the sum of the first n positive integers, what is the value of n ?


(1) S < 20


(2) S2 > 220

选项

A.

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.


B.

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.


C.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.


D.

EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.


E.

Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

解析

如果\(S\)是前\(n\)个正整数的和,那么\(n\)的值是多少?### 1. 已知\(S < 20\),\(n\)可能是5,因为\(\sum_{i = 1}^{5}i=\frac{5×(5 + 1)}{2}=15 < 20\) 。不过,\(n\)也可能是4,因为\(\sum_{i = 1}^{4}i=\frac{4×(4 + 1)}{2}=10 < 20\) ;**不充分**。 ### 2. 已知\(S^2 > 220\),\(n\)可能是5,因为\(\sum_{i = 1}^{5}i = 15\),且\(15^2 = 225 > 220\) 。不过,\(n\)也可能是6,因为\(\sum_{i = 1}^{6}i=\frac{6×(6 + 1)}{2}=21\),且\(21^2 = 441 > 220\) ;**不充分**。 结合(1)和(2),从下表可明显看出\(n = 5\) 。 \(n\) ------ \(S\) ------ \(S^2\) ------ 允许/不允许 \(\leq 4\) ------ \(\leq 10\) ------ \(\leq 100\) ------ 不被(2)允许 5 ------ 15 ------ 225 ------ 被(1)和(2)允许 \(\geq 6\) ------ \(\geq 21\) ------ \(\geq 441\) ------ 不被(1)允许 正确答案是\(C\);即两个条件结合起来充分。
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